Anterior cerebral artery – Anatomic region favoring aneurysms: Case series.

Aneurysms or Dilatations in the vessels which are prone to rupture occur at bifurcations of large arteries at the base of brain. Rupture occurs into the sub-arachonoid space in the basal cisterns and into parenchyma of the brain. 80-90% of these aneurysms occur at circle of Willis. Commonest types are the Berry’s aneurysms and commonest sites are at junction of anterior communicating artery with anterior cerebral artery and bifurcation of middle cerebral artery.

Injuries to the Spine Mechanics : Anatomical and Orthopedic Aspects.

Vertebral injuries can occur as isolated injuries or may be associated with other injuries. Recognition of the level of injury is important along with the mechanism of injury. The article describes the various types of injuries of the vertebral column along with the main mechanisms and the difference between the types of injuries in the vertebral column.

Cavernous Transformation of Portal Vein : A Rare Anatomic Development with Emphasis on Anatomy and Physiology of Portal Blood Flow.

Portal vein contributes to more than 70 % blood flow to the liver the significant increases in portal venous blood pressure is associated with major systemic manifestations. Having a knowledge about Portal Blood supply is important tio any clinician, gastroenterologist or any Hepatic Surgeon. The Article outlines the rare development of Portal Cavernoma in a patient who had Portal Hypertension. Portal cavernoma is a consequence of portal vein thrombosis. We Present a case of a lady with mild Right hypochondriac pain who on evaluation was found to have Cavernomatous transformation of Portal vein without any other abnormality.

The Rare Case of Left Retro Aortic Renal Vein: Surgico Anatomic Ramifications of the Abnormality.

The Article presents a rare Anomoly of Course of Renal Vein where it lies behind the Aorta . The Consequence of failure to Recognize this clinical entity can be dangerous if left Undetected. This Vein is located between the Aorta and the Vertebrae. The Patient presented with left Flank Pain and on Evaluation was found to have Left RetroAortic Renal Vein.

A histological study of prostate.

The work of anatomists and pathologists in the role of study of prostate has been significant. Starting from earlier times till modern time, the study of prostate has been a dynamic one and the basic anatomical knowledge of the prostate has undergone much change apart from the new techniques, micro invasive procedures and the chemotherapeutic approach for various disorders of the gland. The present study was based on the microscopic examination of Prostatic tissue of individuals with individual tissues of different age groups. The present study involved 40 cases which were further subdivided into various age groups and characteristic histological changes were noted. The study presents an assessment of age changes in prostate in elderly in Kashmiri population with pathological significance. Besides the histological study is of great importance in staging of diseases of prostate and especially in modern era where the incidence and prevalence of prostatic diseases is on rise.

Congenital neck masses: embryological and anatomical perspectives.

Neck masses are a common problem in paediatric age group. They tend to occur frequently and pose a diagnostic dilemma to the ENT surgeons. Although the midline and lateral neck masses differ considerably in their texture and presentation but the embryological perspective of these masses is not mostly understood along with the fundamental anatomical knowledge. The article tries to correlate the embryological, anatomical and clinical perspectives for the same.

The anatomical, surgical and orthopedic importance of gastrocnemius.

Gastrocnemius is one of the most important muscles of lower limb. It belongs to the superficial compartment of calf muscles. They belong to group of superficial flexors. Gastrocnemius, plantaris and soleus form the bulk of the calf. Gastrocnemius forms the belly of the calf. It arises by two distinct heads, connected to the condyles of the femur by strong, flat tendons. It has an immense anatomic, medical, orthopedic and physiological importance and is attributed in a variety of medical and surgical problems. A profound knowledge of this muscle is of great importance to any surgeon or orthopedicians or any clinician.

Importance of lymphatic’s in dissemination of breast cancer-Anatomical, pathological, surgical and prognostic implications.

Background: The Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in females with many subtypes. Breast cancer can spread via hematogenous route as well as lymphatic routes. Knowledge of the lymphatic drainage of breast is required not only for the performance of surgical procedures but also in planning therapeutic radiation, predicting sites of locally recurrent disease. The lymphatic drainage of the breast is considered rich, and identification of the major pathways allows a surgeon to predict the sites most commonly containing lymph-borne metastases. Careful inspection and palpation of Axillary, supraclavicular and parasternal sites for nodal involvement is thoroughly performed for recording location, size, consistency, shape, mobility, fixation, and other characteristics of any palpable lymphadenopathy. Local implications of lymphatic obstruction can be Preau D orange appearance and edema while as distant manifestations can be involvement of Nodes along with dissemination to other organs. The further the lymphatic dissemination , the lesser the favourable prognosis . Pathologic stage combines the findings from pathologic examination of the resected primary breast cancer and axillary or other regional lymph nodes. This connotes the importance of Status of Lymphatics in Breast Cancer .

Vestibular schwannoma: anatomical, medical and surgical perspective.

The term "acoustic" is a misnomer, as the tumor rarely arises from the acoustic (or cochlear) division of the vestibulocochlear nerve. The correct medical term is vestibular schwannoma, because it involves the vestibular portion of the 8th cranial nerve. They are benign, rather rare tumors. They expand in size and grow larger; they can push against the brain. While the tumor does not actually invade the brain, the pressure of the tumor can displace brain tissue.